The largest park in Guangzhou, with beautiful natural scenery, suitable for walking and exercising.
It consists of the main peak Yuejinggang and seven surrounding hills including Guihuagang, Mukegang, Liyugang, and three artificial lakes: Beixiu, Nanxiu and Dongxiu.
There are many historical sites in the park, including the Five Rams Stone Statue, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial, the Guangzhou Ancient City Wall, and the Sifang Fort.
In addition to natural scenery and historical sites, the park also has cultural and entertainment venues such as a stadium, a swimming pool, and the Jinyin Amusement Park.
Guangxiao Temple is near the west gate station of the park. You can also visit Guangxiao Temple and Chen Clan Ancestral Hall in one day.
March is the season when kapok flowers bloom. The bright red petals match harmoniously with the quaint buildings.
Attractions Location: No. 988, Jiefang North Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province
Tickets: free
Opening hours:
6:00-22:00 (Monday to Sunday, January 1st to December 31st)
Transportation:
Take bus No. 21, 101, 113, or 124 and get off at Yuexiu Park Station, which is within walking distance. Alternatively, take Metro Line 2 and get off at Yuexiu Park Station Exit B1, then walk about 400 meters to the gate.
Time reference: 1-3 hours
Spend a day soaking in nature, history, and culture at Guangzhou’s largest urban park.
Accommodation/Food: Stay near Yuexiu or Beijing Road area. Try Cantonese dim sum and street food.
Souvenirs: Local teas, Cantonese pastries, traditional crafts from park vendors.
Combine nature and traditional Lingnan architecture.
Accommodation/Food: Stay in Yuexiu or Tianhe districts. Enjoy roast goose and herbal soups.
Souvenirs: Embroidered crafts, ceramics, local snacks.
Add colonial charm and riverside strolls to your trip.
Accommodation/Food: Stay near Shamian or Yuexiu. Try seafood and Cantonese snacks.
Souvenirs: Pearl jewelry, embroidery, traditional fans.
Explore art, history, and culture deeply.
Accommodation/Food: Stay in Yuexiu or Tianhe. Sample Cantonese roast meats and teas.
Souvenirs: Jade crafts, local teas, Cantonese pastries.
Broaden your Guangzhou experience to include cultural and modern landmarks.
Accommodation/Food: Stay near Zhujiang New Town or Tianhe. Enjoy Cantonese seafood and international dishes.
Souvenirs: Guangzhou Tower memorabilia, pearl jewelry, arts and crafts.
Combine parks, museums, historic sites, and modern attractions.
Accommodation/Food: Stay near Yuexiu or Liwan. Try herbal soups and local snacks.
Souvenirs: Traditional Cantonese snacks, tea sets, crafts.
Experience a perfect blend of history, nature, art, and modern urban life.
Accommodation/Food: Stay in Tianhe or Zhujiang New Town. Enjoy diverse Cantonese and international cuisines.
Souvenirs: Tea, pearl jewelry, Cantonese pastries, local crafts.
The spring scenery in the garden cannot be contained. The large lanterns on the water are colorful and must be more beautiful at night. The roadside is full of tulips, and the sunshine is bright. Who would have thought that it is the twelfth lunar month now? The cute animal-shaped lanterns, we found that the lanterns here were made by a lantern company in Zigong. It turns out that Zigong lanterns are so famous. Another symbol of Yuexiu Park is the Five Goats Stone Statue. It really took half my life to walk from the lantern exhibition area to here... It was hot and the road was long...
Not far from the Five Rams Stone Statue in Yuexiu Park is the Sun Yat-sen Memorial. We also took this opportunity to read the Prime Minister’s will and pay tribute to this great man.
As soon as you enter Yuexiu Park, you can see the dense vegetation and beautiful natural scenery. There is a special pedestrian path by the lake, where people often run and exercise, and there is a sense of life. The lake is not big, but it is a bit long and thin, and connected by stone bridges. There are some things like small islands in the middle, and then there are pavilions and towers. You can always see a small boat salvaging leaves and garbage in the lake. The water quality is good and there is no smell.
Yuexiu Park is the oldest and largest park in Guangzhou and one of the Eight Scenic Spots of Guangzhou. It mainly includes Yuexiu Mountain and many scenic spots surrounding Yuexiu Mountain, including the Stone Statue of the Five Rams, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Guangzhou Museum, Zhenhai Tower, Sun Yat-sen Memorial, Guangzhou Art Museum, Ming City Wall, Korea Garden, Museum of the Nanyue King of the Western Han Dynasty, etc. There are also Guangxiao Temple, Chen Clan Ancestral Hall, Beijing Road, Dafo Temple, Liurong Temple and other buildings with unique styles nearby.
Yuexiu Mountain has a long history. More than 2,000 years ago, Zhao Tuo, the King of Nanyue who established the first feudal dynasty in Lingnan, held a banquet for his ministers on this mountain.
Yuexiu Park is the largest green space in the central area of Guangzhou. It has a rich variety and quantity of vegetation and is evergreen all year round.
To see the famous Five Rams. Yuexiu Park is just behind the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall.
If you are visiting during the Spring Festival, it is recommended to arrange a day to visit the following:
Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall --- Yuexiu Mountain --- Guangzhou Museum --- Yuexiu Park (see the Five Goats) --- Nanyue King's Tomb Museum --- Yuexiu Park (see the Lantern Festival at night). These attractions are close together. If it is not during the Spring Festival, you don't need to go to the Lantern Festival at night.
The annual Yuexiu Park Lantern Festival is beautiful and inexpensive. I just forgot that it is the Chinese New Year and there are so many people. Last year, I came before the Chinese New Year and it was not so crowded. The scale and quality of the Lantern Festival are not inferior to the Zigong Lantern Festival. The venue is larger and wider than the Zigong Lantern Festival. The ticket price is also cheaper (30 yuan), and seniors aged 65 and above are free of charge.
I have been going there non-stop since the early 2000s. I went there a few times in elementary school, once or twice in junior high and high school, and once or twice in college and work. The reasons are different, but when there are too many people, it is difficult to ensure the hygiene of the park. Take the most recent visit as an example.
The largest park in Guangzhou, with beautiful natural scenery, and the symbol of Guangzhou - the Five Rams Stone Sculpture. Scenic Spot Introduction Yuexiu Park is the largest park in Guangzhou, and it is open to the public for free!
The most distinctive park in Guangzhou is worth a visit.
Is there anyone who would like to share a house in Chen Clan Academy Community in Laoxiguan, Guangzhou? It is a convenient place for eating, drinking, playing, clothing, food, housing and transportation. You don’t have to worry about it.😬😬
The largest comprehensive park in Guangzhou city.
Yuexiu Mountain carries the history of Guangzhou, and the museum there is also worth a visit.
There will be a lantern show during the Chinese New Year, which is suitable for family visits.
Guangzhou's Yuexiu Park is very large, and its landmark building is the Five Goats Sculpture. There are also some historical sites, such as: Things about the Southern Ming Dynasty.
Come here to see Guangzhou's ancient buildings and culture
A park worth visiting in Guangzhou. It was originally free. But it happened to be a temple fair, so we charged 30 yuan. The environment inside was very good and it was also very large. We went to Wuyang and Zhenhai Tower.
When we arrived at Yuexiu Park, we found that the 2019 Yuexiu Lantern Festival was being held. I guess it was prepared for the Lantern Festival. Now that the Lantern Festival has passed, the lanterns can still be seen.
I have to say, these lanterns are really beautiful. They must look even better when the lights are on at night. It’s a pity that I can’t come here at night~
A large park that requires climbing. The south gate is close to the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall. Zhenhai Tower is the Guangzhou Museum, which is worth a visit.
A large park with a beautiful environment. Of course, the most important thing is to find the Five Goats Sculpture.
Because it is a lantern exhibition, Yuexiu Park charges admission. My favorite is the dragon boat lantern, which is also the theme lantern of this lantern exhibition. This huge and domineering dragon boat-style lantern floats on the water, and the color of the light keeps changing, igniting the atmosphere of the entire lantern exhibition. Visitors compete to take photos, and photographers rush to take advantage of the location, set up tripods, and record the whole process of the lights flashing.
At 7:30 in the evening, there were already a lot of tourists. It is not an exaggeration to say that the main road was crowded with people. People who are playing together must pay attention at all times and not be separated by the crowd. Here I have to praise the park's security measures. Every few meters on the main road, there are security guards sitting on high chairs to pay attention to the entire road condition. Once a problem occurs, they can command evacuation in the first time, which doubles the sense of security. We left the park gate at 7:40 and walked towards the subway station. Along the way, more and more people walked towards the park. We can be said to have "missed the peak" in Yuexiu Park this time.
There is a lantern festival in Yuexiu Park during the Spring Festival. Tickets are charged. I bought a ticket to enter Yuexiu Park and found that the Five Goats statue is not in the park of the lantern festival. There is no charge!!! If you don't want to see the lantern festival, go to Wuyang directly for free.
It was the Spring Festival Lantern Festival, so I only saw the lanterns 😂
When we went there, we happened to encounter the Yuexiu Park Lantern Festival, which divided Yuexiu Park into two parts. You need to buy a ticket to enter the area with lights, which costs 30 yuan per person. If you only want to see the Five Goats Statue, you can enter from the southwest gate without buying a ticket.
There is also an orchid exhibition in Yuexiu Park. All kinds of flowers are in full bloom. I saw many orchids and bougainvilleas. It is worthy of being a flower city! The butterflies are flying happily~
Following the map, we came to the famous Five Goats Statue. Guangzhou is called the City of Goats because of a beautiful legend. After seeing the Five Goats Statue, we continued to walk forward and came to the ruins of the ancient city wall. The tree grew so big that it grew directly on the city wall with its roots exposed.
Yuexiu Park is very large and has many attractions, such as the Five Goats Statue, the symbol of Guangzhou, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, etc. It is a good place for a leisurely walk.
It happened to be the Lantern Festival, and it was more beautiful at night. Most of them were pig-themed, and several groups of large lanterns were particularly eye-catching. It was still worth seeing.
My husband went out for a run and walked around Yuexiu Park and took some photos. I didn't go there, it's just an ordinary park.
In fact, it is a large city park. There are many local people in Guangzhou. Many people exercise in the morning. The atmosphere is full of life and it is nice to stroll around leisurely.
A place for leisure. Many young couples and families go there
Line 2, Yuexiu Park, Exit B1
I think it's suitable for my kind of retirement tourism. The air is quite fresh
The largest park in Guangzhou, with beautiful natural scenery, suitable for walking and exercising
I took the bus at the bus station at 10:43 and arrived at Yuexiu Park at 10:56. The park is free and suitable for citizens. The park is very large and it is most comfortable to stroll leisurely. But I had a lot of things to do and I was anxious to find Wuyang.
Sheep, sheep, where are you hiding? I'm so busy looking for you~~
Ordinary parks, the Five Rams Sculpture and the Guangzhou Museum are among them.
The Tomb of the Nanyue King of the Western Han Dynasty is an eight-minute walk from Yuexiu Park. It is easy to find the Five Goats Statue when you enter the park gate. You can see it by walking up the stairs on the left. After coming down from the Five Goats Statue, walk along the Ming City Wall to the Zhenhai Tower. Then walk along the Ming City Wall to the Sun Yat-sen Memorial.
During the Chinese New Year, I took my children to Chimelong and happened to encounter the lantern festival at Yuexiu Park at night. It was quite beautiful.
Guangzhou Yuexiu Park is a must-visit place for tourists, and the Five Goats Picture is the park's label.
Check in at the landmark, the sculptures are quite vivid, but the rest are pretty average.
Yuexiu Park is a large comprehensive park where you can hike, row boats, play basketball, take walks, etc. The scenery is also pretty good. However, due to the limited physical strength of the children, we did not walk too far.
Yuexiu Park is very big. If you have enough time, you can visit it for a whole day. There is no entrance fee. The elderly have a rich life, such as calligraphy, playing the zither, and dancing. The park was hosting a dance performance for the elderly in Guangzhou, and the seats were packed early in the morning.
When you come to Guangzhou, you must check out Guangzhou’s classic landmark: the Stone Statue of the Five Rams in Yuexiu Park.
I wanted to give up on this attraction, but I gained a lot from it. I thought parks were not big, and when I was making a guide, I saw that it was recommended to stay for 2-3 hours, which surprised me. I thought what was so interesting about a free city park. I didn't know until I went there that this is really a "big park".
There are really mountains inside, and you need to climb up the mountain! There is also an artificial lake for boating, a stadium, as well as the ancient city wall, the Sifang Fort, the Zhongshan Memorial, the Monument of Sun Yat-sen's Study and Administration Office, the Tomb of Wu Tingfang, the Tomb of Emperor Shaowu of the Ming Dynasty, the Seaman's Pavilion, the Zhenhai Tower, etc. Of course, there is also the Five Goats Statue that we want to see~ It's simply a mountain with a group of small attractions. I thought it was a street park with a statue? NoNoNo!
I heard that the stadium inside also hosts competitions~
I grew up at the foot of Yuexiu Mountain and have a deep affection for it. I often went there to play when I was a child, and I have many precious memories there. It used to cost a ticket, but now it is free. The park is great for both sightseeing and fun. The location is also very convenient, not far from the subway. I really miss it...
I heard from some netizens that it is a free park, but it happened to be the Lantern Festival, so I had to pay for the tickets... The greenery is great, very comfortable, and there are some very special Korean-style antique buildings
It is said that this is a park that is very popular among locals. It also has Guangzhou’s iconic sculpture - the Five Rams Sculpture. Is Guangzhou called Ram City because of it, or was it built in the name of Ram City?
The whole park is very large with rolling hills and scattered lakes. It is obvious that this is not a park built for tourism, as many locals are walking and exercising here.
Hmm... It’s a pity that I didn’t find a teahouse, otherwise it would have been a great experience to drink a cup of tea and take a nap in such an environment.
Yuexiu Park is the largest comprehensive park in Guangzhou.
Yuexiu Park is a comprehensive park built on Yuexiu Mountain. It is a good place to relax and unwind. It houses the Guangzhou Museum, the Sifang Fort Ruins, the Ming Great Wall, and the Zhongshan Monument. There is also the Five Rams Stone Sculpture, an old landmark of Guangzhou!
Overall it's very good. It's not just the scenery that's beautiful. I suggest adding some people when taking photos to make the scenery more vivid.
The park is very big, with a lot of things inside, even a swimming pool. I only walked a small part of it, mainly to see the Five Goats Statue.
Yuexiu Park is the largest green space in the central area of Guangzhou. It is a natural ecosystem based on mixed forests and lakes. The natural environment in the park is unique and the plant species in the park are diverse. The existing vegetation is a mixture of artificial plants and natural secondary vegetation. There are 460 species of trees, shrubs and ground covers in 127 families. Among them, there are 275 native plants and 185 non-native plants. There are nearly 220,000 trees of 146 species, mainly Cinnamomum burmannii, Banyan tree, Honeysuckle tree, Hackberry tree, Broussonetia papyrifera, Longan, White orchid, Taiwan acacia, Bauhinia, Syzygium wilfordii, and Sapodilla; 121 shrubs, including Osmanthus fragrans, Cordyceps sinensis, Pittosporum tobira, Forsythia suspensa, and Osmanthus fragrans; 143 ground cover plants, including Alocasia odoratum, White Butterfly, Cattail, Nephrolepis nephrolepis, Wedelia chrysantha, Curculigo orchioides, Iris, and Monstera. There are 19 species of palms, 8 species of bamboos, 10 species of vines, 3 species of aquatic plants, and 10 species of seasonal flowers. Also here is the Alsophila spinulosa, a national first-class protected plant.
The park is rich in plant species, dense bamboo forests, woods and large grasslands, providing a good foraging and habitat environment for animals. There are 43 bird species in the park, and it also attracts migratory birds from South America. In addition, the park is also home to dog bats, East Asian crested winged bats, flat-headed bats and small yellow bats. There are 6 species of frogs, 10 species of fish, and 66 species of insects in the park.
This is the oldest park in Guangzhou, surrounded by residential areas, with an elegant environment. An old man doing morning exercises with his bare chest. The air in the morning is relatively fresh, with bursts of birdsong and fragrance of flowers, which is a great pleasure for the ears and nose.
There are three scenic spots, plus a Sun Yat-sen Memorial. You can finish the tour in one morning. The memorial and the museum are both in Yuexiu Park, so you can just take a quick look at the park.
Beautiful scenery and rich cultural atmosphere~
There are so many classics around, it's worth a walk. It's also a good park for locals to take a walk after dinner. There is a certain slope in the park, and you will breathe a little when walking~~
It is one of the more relaxing parks in Guangzhou.
One of the most famous parks in Guangzhou, the park is large and the scenic area is beautiful
This is a 4A-level scenic spot, and the most important thing is that it is free. This park is different from traditional parks. First of all, it is very large. My feet hurt after walking for a long time, and I haven’t finished walking. In addition, there are many plants in it. Although Guangzhou is so hot, you don’t need an umbrella. There are almost shaded places.
The road was sloped all the way up. We mainly visited the southern area of the park, including the Sun Yat-sen Memorial, the Ming City Wall and the Five Goats Statue. If you want to see more areas in the north, it is recommended to take the park's tour bus, which seems to be 20 yuan per person.
I walked through Yuexiu Park with great effort. There are hundreds of stairs after entering the north gate. The kids in the summer camp next door sighed after climbing them, not to mention people like me who look healthy but are actually disabled... By the way, there are sightseeing buses from the main gate of the park. They don't go around the whole park. Going to the attractions and returning are charged separately. It seems to be 20 yuan for a one-way trip and 40 yuan for a round trip, which is quite expensive.
So if you don’t have a strong desire to visit, it’s good to just look at the pictures online…
The place near the Five Goats Statue is a bit strange, much hotter than other places. I don’t know why... There are many winding paths in the park.
When you arrive in Guangzhou, you should walk around like the locals. Yuexiu Park is a must-visit place. Its status is like that of Xihui Park in Wuxi, or even higher. The park is very big and the weather is very hot. It is better to take the tour bus to save energy. In the park, the simple blue bricks are exposed on the asphalt road and between the green trees. Climbing the stone steps, there is a new square under the city wall. Outside the pavilion, there are old people sitting leisurely and dancers dancing with beautiful steps.
It is actually an activity center for the elderly. It would be wonderful to have such a place to drink tea and chat with friends when you are old. Yuexiu Park is very big and you can't walk through it all because we took photos in one place for a long time. But I think it is necessary to come to Yuexiu Park because the cover photo of Guangzhou is in Yuexiu Park.
Yuexiu Park covers a large area and is divided into several areas. We only visited a small area and left. Yuexiu Park is nestled at the foot of Yuexiu Mountain. The air is fresh and the environment is good, but it is more suitable for the elderly to walk and chat, not suitable for young people to play.
For outsiders, Yuexiu Park is probably a place to see the symbol of Guangzhou City - the Five Rams Stone Sculpture. For locals, it is a free public park, so there is really nothing to see. There are small mountains, a small lake, a group of elderly people exercising, basketball and badminton courts crowded in the park, and archways and stone pillars with no special features. There are still many tourists taking photos at the Five Rams Stone Sculpture, but the weather is too hot, sweat keeps dripping from my forehead and face, and my clothes seem to have been washed, so I really don't have the interest to take pictures.
Yuexiu Park is the largest comprehensive park in Guangzhou and a 4A scenic spot. "Yuexiu Fenghua" is also one of the Eight Scenic Spots of Guangzhou in 2011. The Five Goats Statue, which symbolizes Guangzhou, is located on the Mukegang of Yuexiu Mountain in the park.
Check in, check in, and visit the landmark buildings.
The flowers at the front door are blooming beautifully.
I usually don't go to parks, but there is a Korean pavilion in Yuexiu Park that is very nice. Yuexiu Park has a strong atmosphere of life, and you can feel the leisure of Guangzhou people.
Yuexiu Mountain has always been a Feng Shui treasure land and was a scenic spot during the Qin and Han Dynasties. During the Republic of China period, Dr. Sun Yat-sen proposed to build Yuexiu Mountain into a large park, which was finally realized after liberation.
The park is quite large, so we didn't walk around it completely. We just went to the Stone Statue of the Five Rams to check in. The route was that after we walked around the Museum of the Nanyue King, we crossed the road and entered the park from the west gate. We went up and climbed a slope to reach the Stone Statue of the Five Rams. But maybe it was because of feng shui. It felt unusually hot standing under the statue. It was okay at the bottom of the mountain. Next to the statue is the ancient city wall of Guangzhou from the Ming Dynasty, but we didn't go there because it was too hot. If you are interested, you can go and have a look. In addition, there are Zhenhai Tower, Sifang Fort, Zhongshan Monument, Seaman's Pavilion and other places of interest in Yuexiu Park. Interested friends can go and visit them.
Yuexiu Park, the largest and most iconic park in Guangzhou, is so big because there is a Yuexiu Mountain in the park. It is a landmark because Guangzhou is also known as the City of Rams. There is a stone sculpture of five sheep in Yuexiu Park. We climbed up the mountain in the 35° hot weather to take pictures of the five sheep, but we heard a tour guide in the crowd saying with a loud speaker that the stone sculpture in front of us was damaged by lightning in the 1990s, and what we see now is a repaired stone sculpture...
There were not many people in the park, the temperature was just right, and it felt comfortable.
The park houses the symbol of Guangzhou City - the Five Goats Sculpture, as well as the No. 1 building in Lingnan - Zhenhai Tower, which is also the location of the Guangzhou Museum.
Yuexiu Park is not far from Zhongshan Park, but I followed the navigation for a long time but couldn't find it. Later I walked back and found it. After I found it, I found that it was full of stairs. I didn't want to climb, so I took the subway to another gate of Yuexiu Park. It was a gentle slope, but finally I didn't have to climb stairs~~~~~
Exit from the north gate of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall and you will see Yuexiu Park directly opposite.
Here you can see the symbol of Guangzhou - the Five Goats Stone Sculpture. Climb up the steps to the top of Yuexiu Mountain, where you can see the Sun Yat-sen Memorial.
There are many attractions inside, the most famous of which is Guangzhou’s landmark building: the Five Rams Stone Sculpture, and the rest are just a passing glance.
A large park in the city center with a concentration of attractions and a quiet location in the bustling city
The view at the entrance is pretty good, there is nothing special about it.
It is the green lung of Guangzhou.
It is also a gathering place for grandpas and aunts
It's a good place to relax on weekends.
Why not sway with square dance?
It is actually a park with the Five Rams Stone Statue, Sun Yat-sen Memorial, and Zhenhai Tower (Guangzhou Museum). There is no need to go in, and it costs 10 yuan.
There are the Foshan Stone Archway and the Sun Yat-sen Memorial in the park.
At night, all the retired elderly people are here to exercise. You can't see anything clearly when you walk in the park at night, and you have to look at the navigation when walking.
Don't buy anything at the convenience store below the Five Goats Stone Statue. Maybe they saw that we are from outside the area, so all the goods are four times the price of those in other stores, and the attitude of the boss is really bad. It's such a rip-off!
When I went to Guangzhou, it happened to be the Mid-Autumn Festival. After dinner, I went to see the lanterns and I had to go to Yuexiu Park. There were a lot of people, but it was not crowded. The old Guangzhou people brought their families and strolled leisurely. It was wonderful!
It was almost 11th when we arrived at Yuexiu Park. Here is a friendly reminder for everyone, you must navigate to the main gate of Yuexiu Park, and never go in through any random gate. I went in through a random gate, and then when I saw the navigation map of the park, I felt terrible. The Nanxiu Garden, Flower Pavilion, and Haijing Gyeonggi Garden that I wanted to go to were all near the main gate.
It is not recommended to go to Yuexiu Park at this time. The seasonal flowers in the park have not yet been planted, and the lights of the Lantern Festival are being removed. The garden looks rather messy, and there is not much to see.
Yuexiu District, where Yuexiu Park is located, belongs to the old city of Guangzhou. Yuexiu Park was the northernmost part of Guangzhou's urban area during the Republic of China and the early days of liberation. We entered the park through the side door of the 7 Days Inn where we stayed in Xiaobei. Well, we returned from black Africa. We walked along Beixiu Lake for a while and came to the main entrance. Because we had children with us, we took a battery tour bus. It was not expensive, ten yuan per person. It is said that the park has three lakes, and you can feel it by taking the tour bus. The park is very large anyway. To be honest, it was a little boring, and there was nothing to see, but I had to go. Here is the Five Goats Statue, the origin of "Yangcheng". How can I prove that I have been to Guangzhou if I don't take a photo? However, looking at the people visiting the park, I can't help but sigh that the people of Guangzhou really know how to enjoy life.