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The Republic of San Marino (Italian: Repubblica di San Marino), abbreviated as "San Marino", is one of the smallest countries in the world. It is located in southern Europe, on the eastern side of the Italian Peninsula. The entire country is surrounded by Italy, so San Marino is a country within a country.
San Marino is a country without traffic lights, with an area of 60.75 square kilometers and a population of 27,336. 90% of the population are San Marinos.
The terrain is dominated by Mount Titano (738 meters above sea level) in the center, with hills extending southwestward. The northeast is a plain, traversed by the San Marino and Marano Rivers. With a subtropical Mediterranean climate and a total area of 61.2 square kilometers, it is the third smallest country in Europe.
Establishing its republican statutes in 1263, it is the oldest republic in Europe. Its current name was adopted in the 15th century. A customs union was established with Italy in 1862. Its parliament, the Grand Council, is unicameral. The head of state is the head of both government and parliament, a position held jointly by two consuls.
San Marino is a highly developed capitalist country. Its stamps are valid only within the country, with the vast majority sold to philatelists as a source of income. San Marino's main industries and commerce include banking, electronics, and ceramics, while its agricultural products include wine and cheese. In 1992, San Marino became a member of the United Nations.
San Marino has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. Due to its high mountain location, summer temperatures are slightly lower and winters are considerably cooler. The average annual temperature is 16°C, with a winter low of -2°C and a summer high of 30°C. Annual precipitation averages 880 mm.
Historic Sites
The Basilica of San Francesco is San Marino's oldest and most artistic building. Located to the right of the Porta San Francesco in the capital, it was built in the 14th century. Above the main entrance hangs a stone plaque inscribed with the words "Construction began in January 1361" and a relief of a crowned eagle with wings spread, near which lies a crowned head. The main altar features a precious 14th-century wood carving of Christ and a small but exquisite bell tower built in 1405. The vaulted cloisters house ceremonial crosses from the 14th and 15th centuries, a 13th-century reliquary, other religious artifacts, tombstones, frescoes, and paintings from various periods.
San Marino covers an area of only 61 square kilometers, and the city is built on a hillside. The western slope of the hill, encompassing three castles, is called the Citta di San Marino and serves as its capital. Palazzo Valloni is home to the National Museum and Library.
Despite its small size, San Marino boasts a series of squares stretching across its streets, each typically dominated by a church. These interconnected squares are essential spaces for democratic citizenry under the city's historic system of two consuls, and a vivid symbol of the country's enduring stability and well-being.
San Marino, founded in 301 AD, is one of the world's oldest republics. It has maintained its independence for centuries and is notable for its medieval architecture, fortified towers, and rich cultural heritage. It symbolizes political stability and historical preservation in Europe.
San Marino is an enclaved microstate surrounded by Italy. Visitors typically arrive via Rimini (Italy) by train or bus, then take a shuttle bus, taxi, or drive up to the city. Walking is ideal within the historic center.
Advance booking is optional for museums and towers, recommended during peak tourist season. 1–2 weeks in advance is sufficient for guided tours.
1–2 full days to explore the historic center, towers, museums, and nearby viewpoints.
Guided tours are available in Italian and English; some museums offer audio guides in multiple European languages.
Evening walks offer illuminated city views; some cultural events or festivals feature special lighting and performances, especially during summer.
Peak crowds occur during summer months and weekends. Weekdays in spring or autumn are less crowded.
Cash (Euro) is widely accepted; cards and mobile payments are accepted in most shops, restaurants, and attractions.
Vegetarian options are available; vegan and halal options are limited but can be found in larger restaurants in town or nearby Rimini.