Introducing Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan is a landlocked country located in southwestern Central Asia. It borders Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to the north and northeast, the Caspian Sea to the west, Iran to the south, and Afghanistan to the southeast. Approximately 80% of the country is covered by the Karakum Desert.
Turkmenistan has the world's sixth-largest natural gas reserves, with the oil and gas industry being the country's mainstay. Much of the country is covered by the Karakum (Black Sand) Desert.
Climate and best time to travel
Turkmenistan has a typical temperate continental climate, with large temperature differences between day and night and between winter and summer. The summer temperature is always above 35°C, while the winter temperature in the mountainous areas close to Afghanistan can drop to -33°C.
Recommended number of days and locations for visiting
Recommended play time: 2-3 days
Most Popular FAQs for Turkmenistan
What is the history and significance of this attraction/city?
Turkmenistan has a rich history as part of the Silk Road, with ancient cities like Merv and Konye-Urgench showcasing Islamic architecture and trading heritage. Its modern capital, Ashgabat, reflects national pride with monumental structures and cultural sites.
Where is it located and how do I get there (metro, bus, taxi, walking)?
Turkmenistan is in Central Asia, bordering Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and the Caspian Sea. International flights arrive at Ashgabat International Airport. Within cities, taxis and buses are available, while walking is practical for city centers.
What are the opening hours and best times to visit?
- Most attractions open from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM.
- Best visiting months are spring (March–May) and autumn (September–November) to avoid extreme summer heat.
What is the entrance fee/ticket price, and how to buy tickets (online/offline)?
- Merv and Köneürgenç: approx. $5–$10 USD per adult, tickets purchased onsite.
- Darvaza Gas Crater: no formal entrance fee, though guided tours are recommended.
- Ashgabat museums: $2–$5 USD, tickets bought at the entrance.
Do I need to book tickets in advance, and how far in advance?
Guided tours to the desert, Darvaza Gas Crater, or eco-lodges are best booked a few days to a week in advance. City attractions typically do not require advance booking.
How much time is needed to fully explore it?
10–14 days are recommended to explore Ashgabat, historical sites, and the desert regions comprehensively.
What are the must-see highlights or main areas inside?
- Ashgabat: Independence Monument, Turkmen Carpet Museum, and city squares
- Merv ancient ruins
- Darvaza Gas Crater
- Köneürgenç historical complex
- Karakum Desert excursions
- Turkmenbashi Caspian Sea coast
Are guided tours or audio guides available (and in which languages)?
Guided tours are available in Russian, English, and occasionally German. Audio guides are limited.
What are the best viewpoints or photography spots?
- Darvaza Gas Crater at night for glowing fire photos
- Merv ruins for panoramic historical shots
- Ashgabat’s grand monuments and white marble avenues
- Karakum Desert dunes at sunrise or sunset
What is the recommended route or itinerary inside?
- Day 1–2: Explore Ashgabat and museums
- Day 3–4: Visit Merv and Köneürgenç historical sites
- Day 5–6: Travel to Darvaza Gas Crater via desert excursions
- Day 7–9: Explore Karakum Desert and Turkmenbashi coast
- Day 10: Return to Ashgabat and nearby attractions
Are night visits, light shows, or special tours available?
Night visits are popular at the Darvaza Gas Crater. Some monuments in Ashgabat are illuminated at night for photography, but organized light shows are rare.
Is it crowded, and when are the least crowded times/days to visit?
Turkmenistan is generally not crowded. The least crowded times are weekdays and outside of major public holidays.
What facilities are available (toilets, food, water, rest areas, shops)?
- Ashgabat: Full facilities including restaurants, cafes, shops, and banks
- Historical sites: Basic facilities, sometimes small kiosks
- Desert excursions: Bring water, snacks, and rest supplies; eco-lodges may provide meals
Is the attraction accessible for elderly, children, or disabled visitors?
City attractions are accessible. Desert and historical ruins may be challenging for elderly or disabled visitors.
Is cash needed or are cards/mobile payments accepted?
Cash (Turkmen manat) is widely used. Credit cards are accepted in major hotels and some restaurants in Ashgabat.
What restaurants or cafes are available inside or nearby?
- Ashgabat offers a range of Turkmen, Russian, and international cuisine
- Eco-lodges and desert camps provide meals during excursions
- Turkmenbashi coast has local seafood restaurants
Are there vegetarian/vegan/halal food options?
Vegetarian options are limited but available; Halal meat is widely consumed due to the Muslim majority.
What hotels or accommodations are close to the site?
- Ashgabat: Luxury hotels, boutique stays, and guesthouses
- Desert excursions: Eco-lodges or desert camps
- Turkmenbashi: Coastal resorts and hotels
What other attractions or landmarks are nearby and easy to combine in a day trip?
- Nisa ancient city near Ashgabat
- Kipchak Fortress and other smaller desert archaeological sites
- Local bazaars in Ashgabat
Are there souvenir shops and what are the typical souvenirs?
Souvenirs include Turkmen carpets, traditional clothing, jewelry, and handcrafted items.
What are the best transportation options to continue the trip after visiting?
- Domestic flights within Turkmenistan
- Train connections to neighboring countries (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan)
- Car rentals for desert and coastal exploration
