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The Kingdom of North Sudan is a private state located in Bir Tawil on the Sudanese border. Neither Egypt nor Sudan claims sovereignty over this 2,060 square kilometers of barren land.
On June 16, 2014, an American named Heaton, in order to fulfill his daughter's dream of becoming a princess, planted a flag on unclaimed land on the border between Egypt and Sudan, establishing the "Kingdom of North Sudan." Heaton proclaimed himself "King," and Emily became a "Princess" as she wished. This became the smallest nation in the world, with only two people at its founding. Heaton's children designed the flag: a blue banner with four stars and a crown. It has now been renamed the United Commonwealth of North Sudan.
A tropical desert climate zone with high temperatures and little rainfall, the climate is dry and windy.
The Kingdom of Northern Sudan encompasses the ancient Kingdom of Kush, known for its pyramids, temples, and rich Nubian culture. It was a major center of trade, culture, and power in ancient Africa and played a pivotal role in African and Nile Valley history.
Northern Sudan is located along the Nile River in Sudan, north of Khartoum. Access is primarily via domestic flights, private cars, or organized tours; local taxis and buses operate near major towns and archaeological sites.
Most sites are open during daylight hours. The best time to visit is during the cooler season from October to March to avoid extreme desert heat.
Entrance fees vary by site (typically $5–$20). Tickets are usually purchased onsite; some tour operators offer combined passes for multiple archaeological sites.
Advance booking is recommended for guided tours or private excursions, ideally 1–2 weeks ahead. Standard site entry usually does not require advance tickets.
2–4 days are recommended to explore the main pyramids, temples, and nearby villages thoroughly.
Guided tours are widely available in English and Arabic. Audio guides are limited but sometimes offered at major sites.
Start at Jebel Barkal and Napata temples, proceed to Meroe pyramids, then explore local villages along the Nile, ending with a scenic river walk or short Nile cruise.
Night visits are generally not permitted due to safety concerns. Special cultural events may be arranged through local tour operators.
The sites are usually not crowded. The least crowded times are weekdays outside school holidays and peak tourist season (October–March).
Facilities are basic; some archaeological sites have small shops and restrooms. Carry water and snacks, especially when exploring remote sites.
Accessibility is limited due to uneven terrain and desert conditions. Elderly or disabled visitors may require assistance or guided transport.
Cash (Sudanese pounds or USD) is generally required. Cards and mobile payments are rarely accepted at sites and small local vendors.
Restaurants are limited; local Sudanese eateries near towns serve traditional food. Hotels may offer basic dining options.
Halal food is standard. Vegetarian and vegan options are limited; local vegetable dishes may be requested.
Souvenir options include handicrafts, Nubian pottery, jewelry, and miniature pyramid replicas. Shops are mostly near towns and airports.
Travel between sites is usually by private car, taxi, or organized tour. Flights from Khartoum are available for longer journeys; river travel is possible locally.