[🇻🇦Vatican] The history of the Vatican, the smallest country in the world, and the magnificent St. Peter's Square

History of the Vatican - the heart of Catholicism

The Vatican City is the smallest independent state in the world and the headquarters of the Catholic Church. Its history dates back to the Roman Empire. This place was once the site of the martyrdom of St. Peter, who was persecuted by Christians, and the magnificent St. Peter's Basilica was built on top of it.

Throughout the Middle Ages, the Pope had enormous influence as the religious center of Europe, but with the Italian unification movement in the 19th century, most of the Papal States were annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. After that, the present Vatican City was officially established as an independent state with the "Laterano Treaty" concluded between Italy and the Vatican in 1929.

St. Peter's Square - a magnificent circular space

The symbol of the Vatican is St. Peter's Square (Piazza San Pietro). Designed by Bernini, this square spreads out in front of St. Peter's Basilica and is characterized by its huge circular cloister.

The cloister is made up of 284 columns, on top of which 140 statues of saints are lined up, designed to embrace visitors. The arrangement of the columns is said to look like a mother's arms embracing her child, and is a symbol of Catholic faith.

The obelisk in the center of the square

In the center of the square stands a 25-meter-tall Egyptian obelisk. This obelisk was originally made in Egypt and brought to Rome by the Roman Emperor Caligula in 37 BC. It was then moved to its current location in the 16th century and is one of the historical symbols of the Vatican.

The Pope's speech and the bustle of the square

Every Wednesday, the Pope holds a general audience in St. Peter's Square, where he gives a speech to pilgrims and tourists from all over the world. Also, on Christmas and Easter, many people gather in the square and special masses are held. At this time, the square is filled with believers and tourists, creating a solemn atmosphere.

Experience the history of the Vatican and the beauty of the square

The history of the Vatican has progressed alongside the development of the Catholic Church. And St. Peter's Square, its heart, continues to fascinate visitors with its overwhelming scale and beauty. As you walk through the square, try to feel its magnificent history and the depth of faith.

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