The Ornate Elegance of Prince Kung's Mansion: A Glimpse into Qing Dynasty History

Prince Kung's Mansion in Beijing, a symbol of understated luxury and profound cultural heritage, stands as a rare example of northern Chinese gardens' refined elegance. From the opulence of Heshen to the political influence of Prince Gong Yixin, this mansion encapsulates half of Qing Dynasty's history.

Each season brings unique charm to the mansion:
- In spring, elm leaves fall into the 'Bat Pool,' symbolizing blessings and wealth.
- In summer, the 'Hanging Flower Gate' leads to serene bamboo groves, while wisteria blooms in the 'Peony Garden.'
- In autumn, ginkgo trees form paired branches, and the 'Moon Inviting Terrace' becomes a perfect spot for moon gazing.
- In winter, the 'Lakeside Pavilion' offers a cozy retreat for snow viewing and wine brewing, while the small theater hosts captivating performances.

Prince Kung's Mansion is the most complete and largest royal residence from the Qing Dynasty. Its two prominent owners, Heshen, a favored minister of Emperor Qianlong, and Prince Gong Yixin, a regent during Emperor Tongzhi's reign, left indelible marks on its history. The mansion's name honors the latter.

Spanning approximately 60,000 square meters, the estate is divided into three sections: east, central, and west, each featuring multiple courtyards aligned along a central axis.
- The central section includes the Yin'an Hall and Jiale Hall, primarily for rituals.
- The eastern section houses the Duofu Pavilion and Ledao Hall, used for receptions and daily living.
- The western section features the Baoguang Room and Xijin Studio.

Highlights of the mansion include:
1. The Western-Style Gate: The southernmost garden gate in the central section, inspired by the Yuanmingyuan's Great Fountain Garden, reflects Prince Gong's hope to save the late Qing Dynasty through Western learning.
2. The Grand Theater: The only fully enclosed theater of its kind, with resonance-enhancing jars beneath the stage, ensuring clear acoustics throughout the venue.
3. The 'Fu' Character Stele: Inscribed by Emperor Kangxi, hidden in the 'Miyun Cave,' symbolizing blessings and prosperity with profound artistic significance.
4. The Rear Building (Treasure House): Connecting the residence and garden, this 180-meter-long structure features '99 and a half rooms,' inspired by the Forbidden City's 9,999 and a half rooms. Its rear wall boasts 44 unique patterned windows.

Other notable features include:
- The 'Moon Inviting Terrace': The garden's highest point, offering panoramic views and a symbolic 'Path to Success' with steps representing challenges to overcome.
- The Duofu Pavilion (Wisteria Courtyard): The mansion's main reception hall, adorned with a 200-year-old wisteria vine and a plaque inscribed by Emperor Xianfeng.
- The Jiale Hall: Used for rituals during Prince Gong's time.
- The Xijin Studio (Nanmu Hall): Heshen's residence, featuring carvings of golden nanmu wood, known for its resistance to decay, and modeled after the Ning Shou Palace in the Forbidden City.
- The Lakeside Pavilion: A key garden feature, with water sourced from the Jade Spring Mountain, symbolizing wealth accumulation.
- The Miaoxiang Pavilion: Shaped like a crabapple flower, its design combines square and circular elements, serving as a tranquil spot for tea and scenic views.