Live Your Best Lives
"Where to find the prime minister's ancestral hall, the cypress outside Jinguan City". Wuhou Temple, located in the southwest of the city, is the first scenic spot in Chengdu in the minds of most people. In my childhood memory, this place is located in the suburbs, with dense pines and cypresses, and it is a fun place. At that time, the starting stop of the bus was Liangjia Lane, where my home was located, and the last stop was Wuhou Temple, which was called Nanjiao Park at that time. Sometimes I invite my friends in the same hospital to play, and I can play for a day with the five cents my mother gives. The whole fare is about one dime and four cents, two cents and eight cents round trip, a bowl of paprika noodles at noon is one cent and two cents, and the remaining corner can be left with a few cents of weighing one or two miscellaneous sugars for snacks after buying tickets, which is really a happy day of childhood.
This area has long been the downtown area of Chengdu, and because of the appeal of the Wuhou Temple, it has even become one of the hottest and most prosperous lively neighborhoods in Chengdu. As the first check-in attraction in Chengdu, Wuhou Temple is a must-visit place for tour groups. Regardless of cold or heat, regardless of whether it is a festival or not, this place is always crowded with people and lively. Passing by here on September 17th, I thought that I had not stepped in for at least 30 years, so I followed the flow of people to verify the entry and came to an impromptu trip to the old place.
The Wuhou Temple was built to commemorate Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han, and there are several places in the country. In addition to Chengdu, the more famous ones are Hanzhong in Shaanxi (the place where Zhuge Liang died), Nanyang in Henan and Xiangyang in Hubei (Zhuge Liang's secluded place), and the most famous is of course this one in Chengdu, the seat of the Shu Han regime.
Interestingly, the name of this famous building in Chengdu is actually not Wuhou Temple but Zhaolie Temple. On the lintel of its main entrance, a plaque of "Han Zhaolie Temple" hangs high. Zhao Lie was the founding emperor of Shu Han, Liu Bei. In other words, this is an official temple built to commemorate Liu Bei, and the backyard of the official temple is the Wuhou Shrine commemorating Zhuge Liang, so the Wuhou Shrine is at most a supporting role and an accessory in this building. However, when it comes to popularity, don't talk about other places, even in Chengdu, when it comes to the Wuhou Temple, it is well known, and when it comes to the Zhaolie Temple, at least 90% of Chengdu people will be confused and don't know what to say.
After the deaths of Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, the Shu Han regime successively built the Zhaolie Temple and the Wuhou Temple in the southwest of Chengdu for the people to mourn. The house is called the temple and the temple, and the people are divided into kings and ministers, and the status is high and the ministers are low, so naturally the temple is large and the temple is small. However, the government did not expect that from the first day of the temple and ancestral hall, the incense of the minister's temple was far greater than that of the temple, and the difference was huge. Of course, this is the affirmation and love of the people in Shu for the "virtuous minister" Zhuge Xiang, but it made the imperial court where imperial power was supreme embarrassing and extremely embarrassing. The Shu Han regime, which was originally a short-lived dynasty, had already died before it could "rectify the chaos", resulting in this situation lasting for more than a thousand years.
It was not until the early years of the Ming Dynasty that this situation that haunted the dynasties was finally broken. Zhu Chun, the son of the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, witnessed the prosperity of the Wuhou Temple and the desolation of the Zhaolie Temple after arriving in Chengdu, and was shocked. Zhu Chun, who was strongly stimulated, changed the temple and temple to the monarch and ministers, and set up the Wuhou Shrine in the west courtyard of the Zhaolie Temple, and the monarch and ministers were in accordance with the ritual system to put an end to the embarrassing reproduction of the abandonment of the temple of the ministers. The "Prime Minister's Ancestral Hall" described in the poem of Du Gongbu of the Tang Dynasty no longer existed and became an annex of the Zhaolie Temple. In the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the Wuhou Temple was rebuilt, and it was changed from the side courtyard of the Zhaolie Temple to the backyard, which became what it is today.
However, there is another world in the people. No matter how much the ruler tried his best to promote the king and suppress the ministers, and named it after the Zhaolie Temple, the people only had the Wuhou Temple in their hearts, and they did not change their mouths in their hearts. This time the god operation, the original intention was to strengthen the Zhaolie Temple, but the ending was only the Wuhou Shrine. Therefore, there is a poem that says: "The door forehead is written in the Zhaolie Temple, but the world says Wuhou Temple". The people's hearts turned against those who ate meat, and there was nothing they could do.
The gate of the Wuhou Temple begins, along the main axis of the three courtyards: there is a stele pavilion on the left and right of the front yard, the Tang stele on the right is the most famous, and its articles, calligraphy, and carving skills are top-notch, so it is called the "Three Absolute Monuments". The main courtyard is the largest, according to the court style for Liu Bei and the civil and military ministers built a group of statues, Three Kingdoms fans can find their favorite Shu Han heroes from it, and the walls on both sides of the door are engraved with the Southern Song Dynasty Yue Fei's crazy grass "Former Master Table" and "Rear Master Table", which is worth seeing. Behind Liu Bei's Hall is the Wuhou Shrine, the terrain is slightly lower, and you have to go down a few steps, which means "the king is high and the minister is low". The most famous here is the couplet written by Zhao Fan, a native of Yunnan in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty: "If you can attack the heart, you will turn around and eliminate yourself, and you will know that soldiers are not belligerent from ancient times; If you don't judge the situation, you will be wrong to be lenient and strict, and you will think deeply about the governance of Shu later." It is rumored that this is a must-see for the frontier officials who came to Sichuan.
On the side of the central axis, through the red wall and the road, you will come to Liu Bei's mausoleum one by one. In 223 AD, Liu Bei died of illness in Baidi City in Wanzhou, Chongqing, after the defeat of Yiling, and his body was transported back to Chengdu for burial here. A couplet in front of the tomb is meaningful, although it is a ridicule of Cao Wei from the standpoint of Shu Han, but its picture is full of pictures, which makes people think: "A handful of soil is still majestic, ask him where to find the suspicious tomb of the Zhanghe River on the Tongque Wilderness; The three-legged tripod is still here, and the remaining stone scale ancient road makes people think of the official ceremony of the Han Dynasty."
Compared with before, the Wuhou Temple has been expanded. Behind the Zhuge Liang Hall, there is a new "Sanyi Temple" and square, and there are also garden landscapes such as bonsai gardens and pond rockeries, adding some fresh atmosphere to the heavy history.
As a politician, Zhuge Liang was gradually mythologized in later generations. In particular, with the emergence of the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhuge Liang stepped onto the altar and became the embodiment of wisdom and strategy. Peeling off the cloak of mythology, the real Zhuge Liang does have some skills. His foresight is generally believed to be more concentrated in "Longzhong Pair". In this roadmap and programmatic document for the founding of the Shu Han Dynasty, the twenty-seven-year-old Zhuge Liang made a very clear and thorough analysis of the chaotic situation in the world at that time, pointed out the future direction and route for Liu Bei, who was still "not a single room in the house, and no ridge", solved the primary problem of who was an enemy and who was a friend, and "knew three points of the world before he was a fledgling", and his amazing ability to predict the situation was impressive. The subsequent Shu Han regime was the product of this strategic conception.
However, behind the huge aura, the flaws of "Longzhong Pair" are also fatal.
Liu Bei Group takes the revival of the Han Dynasty as its own responsibility, whether true or false, it is the signboard and appeal of this group, and it is also its fundamental interest. How to achieve it? Zhuge Liang's prescription is "If there is Jingyi, protect its rock obstacles, west and Zhurong, south to pacify Yiyue, make good friends with Sun Quan outside, and repair political principles internally; If the world is in turmoil, he will command a general to lead the troops from Jingzhou towards Wanluo, and the general will personally lead the troops from Yizhou out of Qinchuan. Who among the common people would dare not welcome the general with a bowl of food and water? If this is the case, then hegemony can be achieved, and the Han dynasty can be prosperous.
According to this policy, in order to achieve a great cause, "crossing Jingyi" is the premise. In other words, Jingzhou and Yizhou must be occupied at the same time to have the basic material foundation for the great cause of unification. But it is not enough, because Liu Bei's group is too weak, even if it occupies Jingyi, it is necessary to do a good job in domestic affairs and diplomacy, especially "forming a good alliance with Sun Quan", and at the same time, it is necessary to wait for the opportunity to "change in the world" to take advantage of it. It can be seen that the extreme importance of Jingyi in this strategic concept is the absolute prerequisite for the realization of strategic goals. And forming an alliance with Wu, huddling for warmth, and resisting the strong Wei is also a necessary way to survive.
The subsequent historical process proved that with the strength of Shu Han, "crossing Jingyi" was an impossible goal.
From a geographical point of view, Jingyi Prefecture, although the mountains and rivers are connected, are separated by a Dawu Mountain in the middle, and the connection between the two places mainly relies on the Three Gorges waterway of the Yangtze River, which is blocked by mountains and rivers, and the water is dangerous. Its traffic conditions are even worse than the Qinling Daba Mountains in the north of Yizhou. Compared with Yizhou, the center of the Shu Han regime, Jingzhou is actually a large enclave outside the lonely mountains, and it is difficult to send aid in time during wartime. Compared with Yizhou, which is surrounded by mountains and mountains, Jingzhou is a different situation.
In "Longzhong Pair", Zhuge Liang described Jingzhou as follows: "Jingzhou occupies Hanmian in the north, benefits the South China Sea, connects to Wuhui in the east, and connects to Bashu in the west." The Two Lakes Plain, which is the thoroughfare of the nine provinces, has an extremely important strategic position, and since the Qin and Han dynasties, it has been one of the central stages of the Central Plains. If it is occupied by the Shu Han regime, it can attack Cao Wei in the north and Sun Wu in the east, which is indeed a well-deserved "place of use". Yizhou is remote but easy to defend, easy to protect yourself; Jingzhou is accessible and reassessive, and the strength lies in attacking. If you want to unify the world, for Shu Han, Jingzhou is indispensable.
However, there are two sides to the coin, for the strong, Jingzhou is conducive to external attacks; For the weak, it is not easy to defend. What's more, this is a "place of use", and soldiers must fight for it. if you can march north, he can march south; You can attack east, and he can also attack west. Under the attack on both sides, Liu Bei's "general" Guan Yu in Jingzhou was actually difficult to deal with. Although he was possessed by the God of War, he attacked Xiangfan to the north, flooding seven armies, capturing Yu Jin and killing Pang De, instilling fear in the Central Plains. However, he was crossed the river by Lu Meng from Eastern Wu, took Jiangling at night, and had no choice but to fall into Maicheng.
The fall of Jingzhou means that the strategic goal of "Longzhong Pair" has gone bankrupt. Subsequently, Shu Han launched a war against Sun Wu, nominally to avenge Guan Yu, but the real purpose was actually to try to recapture Jingzhou and revisit the strategic concept of "crossing Jingyi". However, his strength was not good, and he was burned by the Wu general Lu Xun and defeated in Yiling (Yichang), and Liu Bei himself died of illness on the way to retreat. The defeat of the Battle of Yiling marked the complete shattering of the Shu Han dream of "hegemony can become a Han dynasty and prosper".
Paradoxically, after the Battle of Yiling, Shu Han no longer had any intentions towards Jingzhou, and Wu and Shu no longer had any intention of tying knots, and the real Wu and Shu alliance was established, and the diplomatic strategy of "forming a good alliance with Sun Quan" was finally realized, and the situation of the Three Kingdoms was finally formed. Zhuge Liang's strategic conception in "Longzhong Pair" is also half completed.
Next to the Wuhou Temple Cultural Relics Area is the garden area, which is the former Southern Suburbs Park.This is actually the cemetery of General Liu Xiang, the former chairman of Sichuan Province of the Nationalist Government, commander of the Seventh Theater during the Anti-Japanese War, a first-class general of the army, and the largest warlord in Sichuan. The cemetery was built in imitation of the Qing Mausoleum and is the only northern cemetery-style building in Sichuan. Liu Xiang's tomb is close to Liu Bei's Huiling, which satisfies General Liu's wish to "recognize his ancestors and return to his ancestral home".
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