Tianshuigou Ruins

Introducing Tianshuigou Ruins

The Tianshuigou site, located in Tianshuigou, east of Jiefang Village in Duanjiaxiang, Dali County, Shaanxi Province, dates back to the Paleolithic Age, dating back 300,000 to 500,000 years. The site contains fossilized skulls of early humans, nicknamed "Dali Man," stone artifacts, and fossils of various mammals, including ancient rhomboid elephants, Sanmen horses, and rhinoceroses.

The rich collection of stone artifacts and mammal fossils reveals the production and lifestyle characteristics of the people of the time, as well as their paleoenvironmental context. The well-preserved hominin fossils are of great significance to the study of early human evolution in China and East Asia. In 2001, the site was designated by the State Council as a fifth-batch National Key Cultural Relics Protection Site.

The Dali Man skull fossil features a robust structure, well-developed brow ridges, and a receding forehead, demonstrating clear physical characteristics of a transition from Homo erectus to early Homo sapiens, similar to Peking Man. However, its parietal bones are larger, the anterior aspect of the occipital protuberance is concave, the nasal bones are narrow and long, the eye sockets are nearly square, and although the zygomatic bones are more forward-facing, the snout is not prominent. Its brain capacity, at 1120 ml, represents an improvement over Peking Man.

Climate and best time to travel

The warm temperate continental monsoon climate has four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine, and cold and dry winters. Spring, summer, and autumn are suitable for travel.

Recommended number of days and locations for visiting

Over 800 stone artifacts have been discovered at the Tianshuigou site, primarily small flake tools, including scrapers, points, awls, and engravers. Fossils of various mammals, including the Paleocyonodon, the Sanmen horse, and a rhinoceros, have also been discovered.

It is recommended to play for about 1 hour.

Tickets

free

Attraction opening hours

Open all day

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Most Popular FAQs for Tianshuigou Ruins

What is the history and significance of this attraction/city?

Tianshuigou Ruins are an important archaeological site in Huayin, Shaanxi, representing early human settlements in the region. The site provides insights into ancient architecture, culture, and local history, making it significant for historical research and cultural education.

Where is it located and how do I get there (metro, bus, taxi, walking)?

The ruins are located in Huayin, Shaanxi Province, near the base of Mount Hua. Visitors can reach the site by taxi or private car from Huayin city center. Local buses may get you close, but a short walk is usually required from the nearest stop.

What are the opening hours and best times to visit?

The site is generally open from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM. Spring and autumn are the best times to visit due to mild weather and clear skies.

What is the entrance fee/ticket price, and how to buy tickets (online/offline)?

Entrance fees are typically around 50–80 CNY, depending on any included guided services. Tickets can usually be purchased offline at the site entrance; online booking is sometimes available via local tourism websites.

Do I need to book tickets in advance, and how far in advance?

Advance booking is recommended during weekends or public holidays, ideally 1–2 days in advance, to ensure availability of guided tours.

How much time is needed to fully explore it?

Approximately 2–3 hours are sufficient to explore the ruins, walk surrounding trails, and visit exhibition areas.

What are the must-see highlights or main areas inside?

• Key excavation areas displaying foundations of ancient structures.
• Exhibition halls or outdoor displays of artifacts.
• Scenic viewpoints of the surrounding natural landscape.

Are guided tours or audio guides available (and in which languages)?

Guided tours are available in Chinese, with some private tours offering English upon request. Audio guides are limited or may not be provided.

What are the best viewpoints or photography spots?

• Elevated areas overlooking the ruins for wide shots of excavation sites.
• Pathways through the ruins to capture details of structures.
• Nearby hills or mountains for panoramic views of the site and surrounding landscape.

What is the recommended route or itinerary inside?

Start from the main entrance, follow marked trails to key excavation areas, visit exhibition halls, take a break at scenic viewpoints, and return via the main path.

Are night visits, light shows, or special tours available?

Night visits and light shows are not typically available. Special archaeological tours may be organized occasionally but require prior arrangement.

Is it crowded, and when are the least crowded times/days to visit?

Weekdays and non-holiday periods are least crowded. Public holidays and weekends may see more visitors, especially school groups.

What facilities are available (toilets, food, water, rest areas, shops)?

• Basic public toilets near the entrance.
• Rest areas and benches along the main trails.
• Small shops or kiosks selling snacks and bottled water.

Is the attraction accessible for elderly, children, or disabled visitors?

The terrain includes uneven paths and steps; elderly and children can visit with care, while disabled access may be limited. Assistance may be required for wheelchair users.

Is cash needed or are cards/mobile payments accepted?

Cash is accepted, but mobile payments like Alipay and WeChat are widely accepted at ticket counters and shops.

What restaurants or cafes are available inside or nearby?

• Local restaurants near the site entrance offering Shaanxi cuisine.
• Small cafes or snack stalls along main roads leading to the ruins.

Are there vegetarian/vegan/halal food options?

Vegetarian options are usually available at local restaurants; halal options may be limited and require prior inquiry.

What hotels or accommodations are close to the site?

• Hotels and guesthouses in Huayin city, ranging from budget to mid-range.
• Some countryside inns near Mount Hua provide easy access to Tianshuigou Ruins.

What other attractions or landmarks are nearby and easy to combine in a day trip?

• Mount Hua (Huashan) for hiking and scenic exploration.
• Huayin City historical sites and cultural attractions.
• Local villages and natural parks surrounding the ruins.

Are there souvenir shops and what are the typical souvenirs?

Souvenirs include local handicrafts, cultural replicas, postcards, and small artifacts inspired by the region’s history.

What are the best transportation options to continue the trip after visiting?

• Taxi or private car back to Huayin city center or nearby hotels.
• Public buses to Mount Hua or nearby villages for further sightseeing.